What type of attacker is primarily government or state-sponsored, using the internet as a tool against certain systems?

The correct choice highlights the profile of an attacker who operates with the backing or direction of a government entity. This type of attacker, often referred to as a nation-state actor, engages in cyber operations to further national interests, which can include espionage, disruption of services, or cyber warfare. By leveraging the internet, these attackers can target critical infrastructure, steal sensitive information, and conduct operations designed to compromise the strategic capabilities of other nations.

In contrast, corporate hackers typically act with the intent of financial gain or corporate advantage rather than state-sponsored objectives. Independent hackers may work alone, pursuing personal goals, which can range from curiosity to malicious intent, but they do not operate under the authority or agenda of a government. Anonymous activists often engage in hacktivism, aiming to promote a political agenda or raise awareness for a cause, but their actions differ significantly from the organized and strategic nature of government-sponsored cyber operations.