Which principle is NOT part of security governance principles?

Security governance principles are foundational aspects that guide an organization's approach to managing its information security. Among these principles, least privilege, non-repudiation, and subject and object manipulation are directly related to policies and practices that help ensure security governance is effective.

The principle of least privilege is a vital security concept that dictates that users should only have the minimum level of access necessary to perform their job functions. This minimizes the risk of unauthorized access to sensitive information or systems.

Non-repudiation is another key element within security governance, as it refers to the assurance that someone cannot deny the validity of their actions. This is crucial in establishing accountability and trust in various transactions and interactions within an organization.

Subject and object manipulation involves the relationships and interactions between users (subjects) and the data or resources (objects) they interact with. It is an essential part of understanding access controls and how data is handled, thus contributing to governance principles.

Data encryption, while an important security measure, is primarily a technical control rather than a governance principle. It serves to protect data integrity and confidentiality but does not address the management or policies regarding security practices in the same direct manner as the other principles listed. Therefore, it does not fit within the framework of governance principles that guide decision